Rob Horwitz analyzes and writes about Microsoft licensing programs and product licensing rules. He also trains organizations on best Microsoft licensing practices.
Before co-founding Directions on Microsoft in 1992, Rob spent eight years at Microsoft in a variety of software development and technical marketing roles. He was a software developer on the first version of Macintosh Word and marketed Microsoft operating system- and server-based products while in the developer relations, networking product marketing, international, and OEM marketing groups.
Rob holds a B.S. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Wharton.
Latest Content by Rob Horwitz
Infographic
September 8, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Microsoft 365 Copilot Packaging
Enumerates the Copilot-branded generative artificial intelligence capabilities added to Microsoft 365 and Office 365 suites via Microsoft 365 Copilot user...
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Microsoft 365 Enterprise Suite Packaging
Compares components/features bundled within Microsoft 365 F3, E3, and E5 suites
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Frontline Worker Online Suite Packaging
Summarizes the online services and features included with Microsoft 365 F1/F3 and Office 365 F3 suites targeting Frontline workers.
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Microsoft 365 Extensions
Enumerates the many dozen discrete licenses that extend or augment the capabilities included with Microsoft 365 suites.
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Office and Windows Supported Combinations
Lists supported combinations of Windows OSs and Office suites (Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise and Office Professional Plus / Standard),...
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Office 365 Enterprise suites packaging
Compares the contents of Office 365 F3, E1, E3, and E5 suites.
Infographic
September 1, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Office 365 and Microsoft 365 Comparison
Compares the set of online services included with Office 365 E1/E3/E5 suites to those included with Microsoft 365 F3/E3/E5 suites
Infographic
Updated: April 8, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Windows Enterprise Rights Flowchart
Illustrates the ways an organization can acquire the right to install and run Windows Enterprise edition locally on an end-user’s...
Infographic
Updated: April 8, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Per Core License Model Flowchart
Explains how to calculate the number of core licenses required for SQL Server 2016/2017/2019/2022 Enterprise and Standard editions under the...
Infographic
Updated: April 8, 2025 · by Rob Horwitz
Office Suite Hosting Scenarios
Explains licensing rules for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise and Office Professional Plus when running within server-based desktop deployments hosted...